寧方貴，雷德義，苗 雪

(水利部松遼水利委員會，長春130021)

　　摘 要： 2020年后汛期3場臺風接連北上致使松花江流域發生了流域性較大洪水，歷史罕見。分析流域降雨、河道洪水等雨水情特點，以尼爾基、豐滿 2 座水庫 2020 年汛期調度實踐為例，闡述尼爾基、豐滿水庫調度過程及成效，2 座水庫削峰率分別達到達 30%，77.5%，降低嫩江干流齊齊哈爾江段水位 0.44 m，控制第二松花江干流全線不超警，共避免 2.25 萬人轉移，減淹 466.67 km2 耕地，防洪減災效益顯著。結合 2020 年汛期調度實踐，總結提煉水庫依法依規調度、實施預報調度、主汛前預留庫容、調度決策果斷、及時協調和信息系統支撐等方面水庫調度經驗，針對水庫上游淹沒補償問題未解決、河道實際行洪能力難以掌握、現有信息系統亟需升級改造等存在的主要問題，提出對策建議，為水庫調度工作提供參考。

　　關鍵詞：松花江;骨干水庫;防洪調度

　　Practice and thinking on flood prevention dispatching of backbone reservoirs in Songhua River Basin in 2020

　　NING Fanggui, LEI Deyi, MIAO Xue

　　(Songliao River Water Resources Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Changchun 130021, China)

　　Abstract： In the later flood season of 2020, it is rare in history that three typhoons successively went northward to result in large floods in the Songhua River Basin. The article analyzes the rainfall and flood characteristics of the basin. Taking the operation practice of Nierji and Fengman reservoirs in 2020 flood season for example, it describes the operation process and effect of Nierji and Fengman reservoirs. The peak cut rates of the two reservoirs reaches 30% and 77.5% respectively. It reduces the water level of the Qiqihar section of the Nenjiang River by 0.44 m, prevents the entire line of the second Songhua River exceeding the warning water level, avoids the transfer of 22,500 people and reduces the flooding of 466.67 square kilometers of cultivated land. The benefits of flood control and disaster reduction are significant. It also summarizes the experience of flood prevention dispatching in accordance with laws and regulations, implementation of forecast dispatch, reserving storage capacity before the main flood season , decisive scheduling and decision-making, timely coordination and information system support, combining the scheduling practice of 2020. In view of the unresolved problems of the upstream inundation compensation of the reservoir, the difficulty of grasping the actual flood carrying capacity of the river, and the urgent need to upgrade the existing information system, it puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to provide reference for the operation of the reservoir.

　　Key words：Songhua River, backbone reservoir, flood prevention dispatching