蔡 陽，劉志雨，孫春鵬，李 巖

(水利部信息中心，北京 100053)

　　摘 要：2020年，我國發生了1998年以來最嚴重的汛情。水利部門深入貫徹“兩個堅持、三個轉變”理念，聚焦三大突出風險，完善預案體系，提高監測預報預警能力，科學調度水利工程，洪水防御工作取得重大勝利。簡要分析2020年我國雨情水情汛情災情主要特點，介紹超前部署防范、滾動預測預報、水工程調度、山洪災害預警、暗訪督查等洪水防御重點工作，總結智能感知、多源信息融合、互聯網、大數據、人工智能、5G等科學技術在長江，淮河，太湖、松花江等流域性洪水防御中的實踐運用，針對防洪薄弱環節和短板，立足“十四五”國家水安全保障規劃，提出新時代智慧防汛建設的思考。

　　關鍵詞：科學防御;智慧防汛;實踐與思考;2020年大洪水

　　Practice and thinking of scientific prevention in 2020 major flood

　　CAI Yang, LIU Zhiyu, SUN Chunqeng, LI Yan

　　(Information Center, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100053, China)

　　Abstract:In 2020, China had experienced its most severe flood since 1998. The water resources department thoroughly implemented the principle of “two adherences, three changes”, focused on the three significant risks, perfected the emergency plan system, improved the ability of monitoring, forecasting and early warning, and scientifically dispatched hydraulic engineering, and won a significant victory on flood control and disaster prevention. The article briefly analyzes the main characteristics of rainfall and flood and disaster of China in 2020, introduces the key tasks such as pre-deployment ahead, rolling forecast, water projects regulation, flash floods warning, unannounced inspection, etc., and summarizes the application of science and technologies in flood prevention of the Yangtze River, Huai River, Taihu and Songhua River basin, for instance intelligent perception, multi-source information fusion, Internet, Big Data, artificial intelligence, 5G, etc.. Finally, based on the “14th Five-Year” National Water Security Plan, aiming at the weak links and weaknesses of flood prevention, the article puts forward some thinking and gives some advices of intelligent flood control in the new era.

　　Keywords: scientific prevention; intelligent flood control; practice and thinking; 2020 major flood