高芳琴

　　(上海市水旱災害防御技術中心，上海 200050)

　　摘 要：洪澇災情獲取是防汛救災的基礎性工作，傳統的洪澇災情采集工作往往存在數據不具體、不及時和難協調等問題。為提升城市防汛精細化管理水平，快速獲取基層第一手災情數據，上海市根據防汛工作實際，建設洪澇災情直報系統。對上海市防汛工作準備情況和洪澇災情動態相關指標進行梳理和分類，對指標采集路徑進行規范，解決數據交叉重疊的問題。技術選型中，充分考慮市、區、街鎮三級防汛部門用戶訪問的便捷性，采用基于政務微信的輕應用建設模式。詳細描述系統的主要功能、應用成效和存在問題，并提出下一步優化完善的建議。系統在 2021 年上海市防汛工作中發揮實效，為各級防汛部門實時掌握防御動態和快速處置各類災情提供詳細的數據支撐。

　　關鍵詞：洪澇災情;直報系統;防汛;防御動態

　　Research and practice of flood disaster direct reporting system in Shanghai

　　GAO Fangqin

　　(Shanghai Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention Technology Center，Shanghai 200050，China)

　　Abstract：The collection of flood disaster information is the fundamental of flood control and disaster relief. The traditional collection is impossible because of rough data, untimely and being difficult to coordinate. In order to improve the flood control management and to quickly obtain first-hand disaster data from the basic level, Shanghai has developed a flood disaster direct reporting system based on actual flood prevention work. The paper sorts out and classifies the relevant indicators of preparation work for flood prevention and flood disaster dynamics in Shanghai. The routine of data collection is standardized to solve the problem of data overlapping. Considering the convenience of user’s access to city-level, district-level and street-level flood prevention departments, a light application development mode based on government WeChat has been adopted during technical selection process. This paper gives a detailed introduction of the main functions, application effectiveness and remaining problems of the system, as well as advice for further improvement. The system performed well in the flood prevention of Shanghai in 2021, which provided detailed data support for different levels of flood prevention departments in collecting real-time information of flood defense and quick response to various disasters.

　　Key words：flood disaster information;direct reporting system;flood prevention;flood defense dynamics