李家歡1，張志新1，楊倍倍2，崔 倩1

　　(1. 水利部信息中心，北京 100053;

　　2.武漢大學遙感信息工程學院，湖北 武漢 430072)

　　摘 要：為評估華北地區地下水超采治理河湖生態補水成效，基于現有國產衛星遙感影像覆蓋能力，收集2020年華北地區22條(個)河湖流域衛星遙感影像數據，以相關水利基礎數據為依據，構建一套完整的針對華北地區地下水河湖生態補水成效的水體遙感監測方案，將影像進行正射、融合、裁剪等步驟預處理后，運用水體指數和深度學習2種方法對預處理后的遙感影像進行解譯分析，提取河湖流域水面面積和有水河道長度，并結合河湖生態補水量進行驗證，分析年內變化規律。監測結果表明：2020年7—12月期間華北地區補水河湖水面面積和有水河道長度減少趨勢減緩，并出現增加趨勢。通過生態補水有利于緩解超采區水面面積減少趨勢，驗證通過統籌多種水源、調節時空布局，開展河湖回補地下水的方案是確有成效的。

　　關鍵詞：地下水;衛星遙感;動態監測;生態補水;補水成效;水體提取;地下水超采治理;華北地區

　　Satellite remote sensing dynamic monitoring of ecological water

　　replenishment effect for groundwater in North China

　　LI Jiahuan1, ZHANG Zhixin1, YANG Beibei2, CUI Qian1

　　(1. Information Center，Ministry of Water Resources，Beijing 100053，China;2. School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering，Wuhan University，Wuhan 430072，China)

　　Abstract: In order to evaluate the effect of river and lake ecological water replenishment for groundwater over-exploitation in North China, the satellite remote sensing image data of 22 river and lake basins in North China during 2020 are collected based on the coverage capability of existing domestic satellite remote sensing imagery. A complete framework of remote sensing monitoring on the effect is set up based on relevant water resources data. After pre-processing steps of orthophoto, fusion, and clipping, water body index and deep learning methods are applied to interpret and analyze the pre-processed images. Water surface area and channel length are extracted. Verification is then carried out by comparing with the amount of ecological water replenishment of rivers and lakes, and annual variation is analyzed. The monitoring results show that from July to December 2020, the decreasing trend of water surface area and channel length of rivers and lakes in North China slows down Instead, the results show an increasing trend. Ecological water replenishment can help alleviate the decreasing trend of water surface area in groundwater over-exploited areas, and it is verified that the scheme of groundwater recharge by rivers and lakes is indeed effective by multiple use of water resources and optimizing the spatial and temporal distributions.

　　Key words: groundwater;satellite remote sensing;dynamic monitoring;ecological water replenishment;water replenishment effect;water body extraction;groundwater over-exploitation control;North China