劉慶濤1，蔡思宇2，王旖3，沈紅霞1，王圓圓3

　　(1. 水利部信息中心，北京100053;

　　2. 中國水利水電科學研究院，北京100044;

　　3. 北京金水信息技術發展有限公司，北京100053)

　　摘 要：針對我國河湖生態安全保障面臨嚴峻形勢，現有生態流量監測系統存在覆蓋河湖范圍有限、預報不及時等問題，為進一步加強河湖生態流量管理，基于水利部國家水資源監控管理信息平臺，依托其水資源數據庫、水文實時雨水情數據庫、水利部一張圖服務及管理信息等數據，設計和研發全國重點河湖控制斷面生態流量監測預警系統。生態流量監測預警系統包括生態流量斷面的基礎信息、實時監測數據、指標值及閾值告警的綜合展示，以及生態流量達標情況判別等功能。目前，生態流量監測預警系統已接入全國重點河湖104個控制斷面，斷面生態流量滿足程度達到96.2%;龍川監測斷面分析結果顯示，自2021年1月以來該斷面生態流量滿足情況差于去年同期，與取用水量增加及天然來水減少存在一定聯系，可為保障重點河湖控制斷面生態流量提供有力信息支撐。

　　關鍵詞：生態流量;控制斷面;流量監測;預警系統;系統設計;重點河湖

　　Design and application of ecological flow monitoring and warning system for key river and lake control sections

　　LIU Qingtao1, CAI Siyu2 , WANG Yi3 , SHEN Hongxia1 , WANG Yuanyuan3

　　(1. Information Center,Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100053, China;

　　2. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower research, Beijing 100044, China;

　　3. Beijing Goldenwater Information Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100053, China)

　　Abstract：Due to the grim situation of river and lake ecological security in China, a national ecological flow monitoring and warning system for key river and lake control sections is designed in order to further strengthen the ecological flow management. The system has been developed based on the national water resources monitoring and management information platform, as well as its water resources database, hydrological real-time rainwater database, one map service and management information of the Ministry of Water Resources. Functions of the system include comprehensive displaying of basic information, monitoring data, index value and threshold alarm of the ecological flow section, and discrimination of ecological flow compliances, etc. At present, the system has been applied in 104 control sections of key rivers and lakes , and the results show that 96.2% of all cross sections satisfy the ecological flows . In the case of the Longchuan section, the ecological flow in January 2021 was worse than that of the same period 2020, because of water intake increasing and natural water supply decreasing. The system can provide support for ecological flow protection of the key river and lake control sections.

　　Key words：ecological flow;control sections;flow monitoring;forewarning system;system design; key river and lake