吳景峰，劉 峰

　　(河北省衡水水文勘測研究中心，河北 衡水 053000)

　　摘要：針對我國華北平原常態化引調水工程監控對水文監測數據的時效性、準確性越來越高的要求，不斷提高自動化監測能力和水平是解決問題的有效途徑，因此在華北平原引水工程水量監測站安裝超聲波時差法流量監測系統，分析工作流程，開展研發實踐應用。在分析測量原理的基礎上，運用數理統計法建立時差法流量多元線性回歸模型，通過與同步實測流量比測，率定模型參數。對監測成果進行定線精度評定和關系線檢驗，滿足一類精度流量站要求。在一次引黃輸水期驗證流量測驗精度及監測系統性能，結果表明：時差法流量與實測流量系統誤差為-0.55 m3/s，徑流量相對誤差為0.17%，測驗精確度高;時差法流量監測系統運行穩定可靠，可實現明渠流量實時在線監測和數據遠程傳輸功能，建設成本較低，有推廣應用意義。

　　關鍵詞：超聲波時差法;流量監測;監測系統;平原渠道;參數率定;應用;比測

　　中圖分類號：TB51;P332

　　Application of ultrasonic time difference method in plain channel flow monitoring

　　WU Jingfeng, LIU Feng

　　(Hengshui Hydrological Survey and Research Center of Hebei Province,Hengshui 053000,China)

　　Abstract：In view of the increasing requirements for the timeliness and accuracy of hydrological monitoring data in the monitoring of normalized water diversion and transfer projects in North China Plain, it is an effective way to continuously improve the ability and level of automatic monitoring. The flow monitoring system of ultrasonic time difference method is installed in the water quantity monitoring station of water diversion project in North China Plain for analyzing the work flow and carrying out R&D practice application. Based on the analysis of the measurement principle, the multiple linear regression model of time difference method flow is established by using mathematical statistics, and the model parameters are calibrated by comparing with the synchronous measured flow. The alignment accuracy evaluation and relation line inspection of the monitoring results are carried out, which can meet the requirements of class I precision flow station. Accuracy of flow measurement and performance of monitoring system are verified in a Yellow River diversion period. Results show that the systematic error between the time difference method and the measured flow is -0.55 m3/s, the relative error of runoff is 0.17%; The time difference method flow monitoring system runs stably, reliably and precisely, and can realize the functions of real-time on-line flow monitoring and data remote transmission in open channel. The method has low construction cost, and has popularization and application significance.

　　Key words： ultrasonic time difference method;flow monitoring;monitoring system;plain channel;parameter calibration;application;comparative measurement