唐安慶1，靳 君2，李 忱3 ，尹 光1 ，林思夏1

　　(1.南京微麥科斯電子科技有限責任公司，江蘇 南京 211899;

　　2.陜西省水文水資源勘測中心，陜西 西安 710199;

　　3.中國電子科技集團公司第十四研究所，江蘇 南京 210039)

　　摘 要：針對要提高側掃雷達測流系統河流表面流速測驗精度，關鍵在于確定影響側掃雷達流速測驗不確定度因素的情況，結合雷達系統理論設計，分析側掃雷達產生不確定性的理論原因，包括收發寬波束帶來的天線方向展寬效應、河面隨機起伏及系統參數設計引起的不確定度等。對側掃雷達實測數據進行分析，證實系統不確定度的產生對雷達數據頻譜的影響，驗證不確定度在測流時對測量信號譜寬的影響效應。針對采樣不確定度，采用基于點模式的數據采集方法和分析策略，通過配置不同采樣的數據集，有效降低測流不確定度，提高雷達數據質量。測站側掃雷達系統的實測流速數據分析表明：按照相關理論對應要求設置參數，側掃雷達可取得較好的表面流速測驗精度和穩定性，能夠滿足水文測驗的要求，更好地服務于水文測報工作。

　　關鍵詞：側掃雷達;流速測驗;表面流速;不確定度分析;系統誤差;矩估計;采樣

　　Uncertainty analysis and research on velocity measurement of side scan radar

　　TANG Anqing1，JIN Jun，LI Chen3，YIN Guang1，LIN Sixia1

　　(1. Nanjing WellMax Electronics Technology Co.，Ltd.，Nanjing 211899，China;

　　2. Shaanxi Province hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Center，Xi'an 710199，China;

　　3.The 14th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation，Nanjing 210039，China)

　　Abstract：The determination of uncertainty factors of side scan radar velocity measurement is the key to improve the accuracy of river velocity measurement. The theoretical reasons for the uncertainty of side scan radar are analyzed with radar system theory, including antenna directional broadening effect caused by transceiver wide beam, random fluctuation of river surface and the radar system parameter design. The effect of uncertainty on the spectral width of measured signal is also verified which causes measurement errors in velocity measurements. Aiming at the influence of uncertainty on data accuracy, this paper uses Point Pattern Analysis (PPA) methods and analyzing tool to collect sampling data with different sampling frequency, which reduces systematic uncertainty and improves data quality. The analysis of the radar-measured data show that side scan radar can reach the accuracy and consistency performance of surface velocity measurements, which meets the requirements of hydrometric measurements and can be further applied in hydrological forecasting.

　　Key words：side scan radar;velocity measurement;surface velocity; uncertainty analysis;system error;moment estimators;sampling