劉文壯，梁文廣，宋瑞平

　　(江蘇省水利科學研究院，江蘇 南京 210017)

　　摘 要：為提高河湖管理效率，針對無人機遙感技術觀測范圍廣、獲取空間信息速度快等優點，在分析無人機遙感技術工作原理基礎上，根據河湖水域岸線監管不同需求，從目前無人機的多種監測方式入手，結合岸線監管應用，分析適用于河湖監管的3種監測方式。具體應用結果表明：1)低空攝影技術適合于小面積河湖岸線日常巡察，獲取航拍照片。2)常規攝影測量技術將外業獲取的影像、POS、控制點數據，采用PhotoScan軟件生成高分辨率正射影像和數字表面模型，結合GIS軟件，快速生成一些專題圖，適合于中小型涉水侵占行為監測。3)傾斜攝影測量技術適合于大型涉水建筑監測，對涉水建筑構建真三維模型，精準獲取違建區域面積、侵占防洪庫容等幾何信息。無人機遙感技術用于河湖岸線監測，能夠有效制止侵占岸線的行為，為河湖岸線安瀾提供技術支撐。

　　關鍵詞：河湖岸線;監管;無人機;遙感技術;低空攝影;常規攝影測量;傾斜攝影測量

　　Application of drone remote sensing in river and lake shoreline monitoring

　　LIU Wenzhuang，LIANG Wenguang，SONG Ruiping

　　(Jiangsu Hydraulic Research Institute，Nanjing 210017，China)

　　Abstract：In order to improve the efficiency of river and lake management, the application of drone remote sensing is discussed. Drone remote sensing has several advantages, such as wide observation range, quick spatial information collection etc. This paper selects and analyzes 3 monitoring methods of drone, considering the working principle of drone remote sensing and different requirements of shoreline supervision. The results show that: 1) Low-altitude photography technology is suitable for daily inspection of small rivers and lakes and obtains aerial photos. 2) Conventional photogrammetry technology can be used to generate high-resolution orthophoto images and digital surface models using PhotoScan software. Thematic maps can be quickly produced by GIS software, which is suitable for monitoring small and medium-scale shoreline encroachment. 3) Oblique photogrammetry technology is suitable for monitoring large-scale shoreline encroachment by buildings. A 3D model of buildings can be developed to accurately calculate information such as the building area and encroaching on flood control storage capacity. Drone remote sensing is used for river and lake shoreline monitoring, which can effectively prevent shoreline encroachment and provide technical support for the security of the shoreline.

　　Key words：river and lake shoreline;supervision;drone;remote sensing;low altitude photography;conventional photogrammetry;oblique photogrammetry